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  1. General Info
  2. Source Info
  3. Effects Info
  4. Reference
Phytochemical Details
01. General Information
Name Betulinic Acid
PubChem CID 64971
Molecular Weight 456.7g/mol
Synonyms

3 Epi betulinic Acid, 3-epi-betulinic acid, 3-Hydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic Acid, 3-hydroxylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid, betulic acid, betulinic acid
Formula C₃₀H₄₈O₃
SMILES CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C(=O)O
InChI 1S/C30H48O3/c1-18(2)19-10-15-30(25(32)33)17-16-28(6)20(24(19)30)8-9-22-27(5)13-12-23(31)26(3,4)21(27)11-14-29(22,28)7/h19-24,31H,1,8-17H2,2-7H3,(H,32,33)/t19-,20+,21-,22+,23-,24+,27-,28+,29+,30-/m0/s1
InChIKey QGJZLNKBHJESQX-FZFNOLFKSA-N
CAS Number 472-15-1
ChEMBL ID CHEMBL269277
ChEBI ID CHEBI:3087
Drug Bank ID DB12480
KEGG ID C08619
Structure 2D-img
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2D MOL 3D MOL
02. Source Information of Phytochemical
(1) Glechoma longituba Cold
Chineses Pinyin LianQianCao
Use Part Whole Grass
Habitat China
Flavor Pungent, Mildly bitter
Meridian Tropism Liver, Kidney, Bladder
Species
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
　-->Phylum: Streptophyta
　　-->Class: Equisetopsida
　　　-->Order: Lamiales
　　　　-->Family: Lamiaceae
　　　　　-->Genus: Glechoma
　　　　　　-->Species: Astragalus membranaceus
(2) Prunella vulgaris Cold
Chineses Pinyin XiaKuCao
Use Part Spike
Habitat China
Flavor Pungent, Bitter
Meridian Tropism Liver, Gallbladder
Species
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
　-->Phylum: Streptophyta
　　-->Class: Equisetopsida
　　　-->Order: Lamiales
　　　　-->Family: Lamiaceae
　　　　　-->Genus: Prunella
　　　　　　-->Species: Astragalus membranaceus
(3) Lycopus lucidus Warm
Chineses Pinyin ZeLan
Use Part Aerial Parts
Habitat HeiLongJiang, JiLin, LiaoNing, HeBei, Shaanxi, GuiZhou, YunNan, SiChuan
Flavor Bitter, Pungent
Meridian Tropism Liver, Spleen
(4) Glycyrrhiza uralensis Even
Chineses Pinyin GanCao
Use Part Root, Rhizome
Habitat HeiLongJiang, JiLin, LiaoNing, NeiMengGu, GanSu, XinJiang
Flavor Sweet
Meridian Tropism Heart, Lung, Spleen, Stomach
Species
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
　-->Phylum: Streptophyta
　　-->Class: Equisetopsida
　　　-->Order: Fabales
　　　　-->Family: Fabaceae
　　　　　-->Genus: Glycyrrhiza
　　　　　　-->Species: Glycyrrhiza uralensis
(5) Astragalus membranaceus Warm
Chineses Pinyin HuangQi
Use Part Root
Habitat NeiMengGu, ShanXi, GanSu, HeiLongJiang
Flavor Sweet
Meridian Tropism Lung, Spleen
Species
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
　-->Phylum: Streptophyta
　　-->Class: Equisetopsida
　　　-->Order: Fabales
　　　　-->Family: Fabaceae
　　　　　-->Genus: Astragalus
　　　　　　-->Species: Astragalus membranaceus
(6) Glycyrrhiza uralensis Even
Chineses Pinyin ZhiGanCao
Use Part Root, Rhizome Of Prepared Liauorice Root
Habitat HeiLongJiang, JiLin, LiaoNing, BeiJing, TianJin, HeBei, ShanXi, NeiMengGu, Shaanxi, GanSu, QingHai, XinJiang, ShanDong
Flavor Sweet
Meridian Tropism Heart, Lung, Spleen, Stomach
Species
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
　-->Phylum: Streptophyta
　　-->Class: Equisetopsida
　　　-->Order: Fabales
　　　　-->Family: Fabaceae
　　　　　-->Genus: Glycyrrhiza
　　　　　　-->Species: Glycyrrhiza uralensis
(7) Astragalus membranaceus Warm
Chineses Pinyin ZhiHuangQi
Use Part Root Of Prepared Manyinflorescenced Sweetvetch Root
Habitat NeiMengGu, ShanXi, HeiLongJiang
Flavor Sweet
Meridian Tropism Lung, Spleen
Species
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
　-->Phylum: Streptophyta
　　-->Class: Equisetopsida
　　　-->Order: Fabales
　　　　-->Family: Fabaceae
　　　　　-->Genus: Astragalus
　　　　　　-->Species: Astragalus membranaceus
(8) Eucommia ulmoides Warm
Chineses Pinyin DuZhongYe
Use Part Leaf
Habitat Shaanxi, GanSu, HeNan, HuBei, HuNan, SiChuan, YunNan, GuiZhou, ZheJiang
Flavor Mildly pungent
Meridian Tropism Liver, Kidney
Species
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
　-->Phylum: Streptophyta
　　-->Class: Equisetopsida
　　　-->Order: Garryales
　　　　-->Family: Eucommiaceae
　　　　　-->Genus: Eucommia
　　　　　　-->Species: Eucommia ulmoides
(9) Sparganium stoloniferum Even
Chineses Pinyin SanLeng
Use Part Tuberoid
Habitat JiangSu, HeNan, ShanDong, JiangXi
Flavor Pungent, Bitter
Meridian Tropism Liver, Spleen
Species
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
　-->Phylum: Streptophyta
　　-->Class: Equisetopsida
　　　-->Order: Poales
　　　　-->Family: Typhaceae
　　　　　-->Genus: Sparganium
　　　　　　-->Species: Sparganium stoloniferum
(10) Aucklandia lappa Warm
Chineses Pinyin MuXiang
Use Part Root
Habitat YunNan, SiChuan
Flavor Pungent, Bitter
Meridian Tropism Spleen, Stomach, Large intestine, Triple burner, Gallbladder
(11) Paeonia lactiflora Cold
Chineses Pinyin BaiShao
Use Part Root
Habitat ZheJiang, AnHui, SiChuan
Flavor Bitter, Sour
Meridian Tropism Liver, Spleen
Species
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
　-->Phylum: Streptophyta
　　-->Class: Equisetopsida
　　　-->Order: Saxifragales
　　　　-->Family: Paeoniaceae
　　　　　-->Genus: Paeonia
　　　　　　-->Species: Paeonia lactiflora
(12) Eriocapitella rivularis Even
Chineses Pinyin HuZhangCao
Use Part Root
Habitat XiZang, YunNan, SiChuan, GuiZhou, GanSu
Flavor Bitter, Pungent
Species
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
　-->Phylum: Streptophyta
　　-->Class: Equisetopsida
　　　-->Order: Ranunculales
　　　　-->Family: Ranunculaceae
　　　　　-->Genus: Eriocapitella
　　　　　　-->Species: Eriocapitella rivularis
(13) Paeonia suffruticosa Cold
Chineses Pinyin MuDanPi
Use Part Root Cortex
Flavor Bitter, Pungent
Meridian Tropism Heart, Liver, Kidney
Species
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
　-->Phylum: Streptophyta
　　-->Class: Equisetopsida
　　　-->Order: Saxifragales
　　　　-->Family: Paeoniaceae
　　　　　-->Genus: Paeonia
　　　　　　-->Species: Paeonia suffruticosa
(14) Illicium verum Warm
Chineses Pinyin BaJiaoHuiXiang
Use Part Fruit
Habitat FuJian, GuangXi, GuangDong, GuiZhou, YunNan
Flavor Pungent
Meridian Tropism Liver, Kidney, Spleen, Stomach
Species
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
　-->Phylum: Streptophyta
　　-->Class: Equisetopsida
　　　-->Order: Austrobaileyales
　　　　-->Family: Schisandraceae
　　　　　-->Genus: Illicium
　　　　　　-->Species: Illicium verum
(15) Illicium difengpi Warm
Chineses Pinyin DiFengPi
Use Part Bark
Habitat GuangXi, SiChuan, GuiZhou, YunNan, XiZang
Flavor Mildly pungent, Astringent
Meridian Tropism Bladder, Kidney
Species
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
　-->Phylum: Streptophyta
　　-->Class: Equisetopsida
　　　-->Order: Austrobaileyales
　　　　-->Family: Schisandraceae
　　　　　-->Genus: Illicium
　　　　　　-->Species: Illicium difengpi
(16) Forsythia suspensa Cold
Chineses Pinyin LianQiao
Use Part Fruit
Habitat HeiLongJiang, JiLin, LiaoNing, BeiJing, TianJin, HeBei, ShanXi, NeiMengGu
Flavor Bitter
Meridian Tropism Lung, Heart, Small intestine
Species
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
　-->Phylum: Streptophyta
　　-->Class: Equisetopsida
　　　-->Order: Lamiales
　　　　-->Family: Oleaceae
　　　　　-->Genus: Forsythia
　　　　　　-->Species: Forsythia suspensa
(17) Sanguisorba officinalis Cold
Chineses Pinyin DiYu
Use Part Root
Habitat Shaanxi, GanSu, QingHai, NingXia, XinJiang, HeiLongJiang, JiLin, LiaoNing
Flavor Bitter, Sour, Astringent
Meridian Tropism Liver, Large intestine
Species
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
　-->Phylum: Streptophyta
　　-->Class: Equisetopsida
　　　-->Order: Rosales
　　　　-->Family: Rosaceae
　　　　　-->Genus: Sanguisorba
　　　　　　-->Species: Sanguisorba officinalis
(18) Prunus armeniaca Warm
Chineses Pinyin KuXingRen
Use Part Seed
Habitat NeiMengGu, JiLin, LiaoNing, HeBei, ShanXi, Shaanxi
Flavor Bitter
Meridian Tropism Lung, Large intestine
Species
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
　-->Phylum: Streptophyta
　　-->Class: Equisetopsida
　　　-->Order: Rosales
　　　　-->Family: Rosaceae
　　　　　-->Genus: Prunus
　　　　　　-->Species: Prunus armeniaca
(19) Chaenomeles speciosa Warm
Chineses Pinyin MuGua
Use Part Fruit
Habitat AnHui, ZheJiang, HuBei, SiChuan, HuNan, FuJian, HeNan, Shaanxi
Flavor Sour
Meridian Tropism Liver, Spleen
Species
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
　-->Phylum: Streptophyta
　　-->Class: Equisetopsida
　　　-->Order: Rosales
　　　　-->Family: Rosaceae
　　　　　-->Genus: Chaenomeles
　　　　　　-->Species: Chaenomeles speciosa
(20) Eriobotrya japonica Cold
Chineses Pinyin PiPaYe
Use Part Leaf
Habitat GuangDong, JiangSu, ZheJiang, FuJian, HuBei
Flavor Bitter
Meridian Tropism Lung, Stomach
Species
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
　-->Phylum: Streptophyta
　　-->Class: Equisetopsida
　　　-->Order: Rosales
　　　　-->Family: Rosaceae
　　　　　-->Genus: Eriobotrya
　　　　　　-->Species: Eriobotrya japonica
(21) Rubus alceifolius Even
Chineses Pinyin CuYeXuanGouZi
Use Part Root and leaf
Species
>Kingdom: Viridiplantae
　-->Phylum: Streptophyta
　　-->Class: Equisetopsida
　　　-->Order: Rosales
　　　　-->Family: Rosaceae
　　　　　-->Genus: Rubus
　　　　　　-->Species: Rubus alceifolius
03. Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect(s)
Synergistic Effect
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Drug(s) whose efficacy can be enhanced by this phytochemical
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Combination Pair ID: 187
Ref_1
Pair Name Betulinic Acid, Doxorubicin
Partner Name Doxorubicin
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2A60.Z] Acute myeloid leukemia Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->ROS accumulation
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Expression BCL2 hsa596
Up-regulation Expression ROS1 hsa6098
In Vitro Model U-937 Adult acute monocytic leukemia Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0007
MOLM-13 Adult acute myeloid leukemia Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_2119
Result Dox and the drug combination selectively reduced (p < 0.05) a recently reported anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein isoform p15-20-Bcl-2 in MOLM-13 by our group, without affecting the usually reported p26-Bcl-2-α.
Combination Pair ID: 678
Ref_2
Pair Name Betulinic Acid, Sorafenib
Partner Name Sorafenib
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C25] Lung cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Apoptosis
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Expression AKT1 hsa207
Up-regulation Expression BAX hsa581
Down-regulation Expression BCL2 hsa596
Down-regulation Expression BCL-xL hsa598
Up-regulation Expression DDIT3 hsa1649
Down-regulation Expression MTOR hsa2475
In Vitro Model A-549 Lung adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0023
NCI-H358 Minimally invasive lung adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1559
A-427 Lung adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_1055
Result We showed that combination therapy with low concentrations of sorafenib and betulinic acid had the capacity to induce high levels of cell death and abolish clonogenic activity in some NSCLC cell lines regardless of KRAS mutations.
Combination Pair ID: 679
Ref_3
Pair Name Betulinic Acid, Sorafenib
Partner Name Sorafenib
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2C10] Pancreatic cancer Investigative
Biological Phenomena Induction-->Blockade of cell cycle in G2/M phase
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Phosphorylation AKT1 hsa207
Down-regulation Expression CCND1 hsa595
Up-regulation Expression CDKN1A hsa1026
Down-regulation Expression MYC hsa4609
In Vitro Model AsPC-1 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0152
BxPC-3 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0186
Capan-1 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0237
Result We showed that combined treatment with low concentrations of sorafenib and betulinic acid had the capacity to inhibit proliferation and abolish clonogenic activity in PDAC cell lines.
Combination Pair ID: 1010
Ref_4
Pair Name Betulinic Acid, Gemcitabine
Partner Name Gemcitabine
Disease Info [ICD-11: 2A00-2F9Z] Solid tumour or cancer Investigative
Gene Regulation Down-regulation Phosphorylation CHEK1 hsa1111
Down-regulation Phosphorylation RPA2 KEGG ID N.A.
In Vitro Model BxPC-3 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0186
NCI-H1299 Lung large cell carcinoma Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0060
HEK293T Healthy Homo sapiens (Human) CVCL_0063
In Vivo Model To establish tumor xenograft, exponentially growing mCherry-BxPC-3 cells were mixed at a 2:1 ratio with Matrigel (Becton Dickinson, Bedford, MA) and a 200 μL suspension containing 5×10⁶ cells was subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of each mouse.
Result These data provide evidence that betulinic acid is a potential candidate for chemosensitization as a naturally occurring Chk1 inhibitor and warrants further preclinical evaluation.
04. Reference
No. Title Href
1 Betulinic Acid-Doxorubicin-Drug Combination Induced Apoptotic Death via ROS Stimulation in a Relapsed AML MOLM-13 Cell Model. Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Sep 14;10(9):1456. doi: 10.3390/antiox10091456. Click
2 Synergistic activity of sorafenib and betulinic acid against clonogenic activity of non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Sci. 2017 Nov;108(11):2265-2272. doi: 10.1111/cas.13386. Click
3 Sorafenib in Combination with Betulinic Acid Synergistically Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Inhibits Clonogenic Activity in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Oct 19;19(10):3234. doi: 10.3390/ijms19103234. Click
4 Betulinic acid, a major therapeutic triterpene of Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb., acts as a chemosensitizer of gemcitabine by promoting Chk1 degradation. J Ethnopharmacol. 2023 Jun 12;309:116295. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116295. Click
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